Congress trading

Every stock trade disclosed by Congress

Every line of every STOCK Act report we hold, from House Clerk and Senate recordsEvery STOCK Act trade since 2014. Newest filing first, as of Nov 3, 2026; narrow the record by member, party, chamber, ticker, account or size, and every name and ticker opens its own page.

117 sales by Jack Reed filed since 2014

Across 36 reports · newest filing first · the full record is on Jack Reed's page

Sizes are the dollar ranges members report, never an exact amount. How to read the cards.

Since the trade: the stock's move from its estimated entry price (a purchase) or estimated exit price (a sale) to its current price, the latest close we hold. Not the member's result.

  1. Filed Mar 18, 201921 matching trades
    • sold in full HOLX Hologic
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends Apr 7, 2026
    • sold in full PEP PepsiCo
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+21.4% since the saleEstimated exit price $115.64, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019Current price $140.42, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full SYK Stryker
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $15,001 - $50,000
      Since the trade+62.8% since the saleEstimated exit price $188.51, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019Current price $306.81, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full SLB
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+18.7% since the saleEstimated exit price $44.06, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019Current price $52.31, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full CVS CVS Health
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+53.1% since the saleEstimated exit price $57.83, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019Current price $88.51, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full INTC Intel
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+13.2% since the saleEstimated exit price $52.96, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019Current price $59.97, close on Mon Nov 2
    Show the other 15 trades in this reportShow fewer
    • sold in full CELG Celgene
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends Nov 20, 2019
    • sold in full COST Costco Wholesale
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+375.7% since the saleEstimated exit price $218.74, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019Current price $1,040.55, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full MSFT Microsoft
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+352.7% since the saleEstimated exit price $112.03, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019Current price $507.12, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full XLNX Xilinx
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $15,001 - $50,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends Feb 11, 2022
    • sold in full AAPL Apple Joint
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+681.5% since the saleEstimated exit price $173.16, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019$43.29 in today's shares after a 4-for-1 splitCurrent price $338.32, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full QCOM QUALCOMM
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $15,001 - $50,000
      Since the trade+203.6% since the saleEstimated exit price $53.39, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019Current price $162.08, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full SYK Stryker Joint
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+62.8% since the saleEstimated exit price $188.51, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019Current price $306.81, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full TMO Thermo Fisher Scientific
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+163.0% since the saleEstimated exit price $259.57, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019Current price $682.65, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full ISRG Intuitive Surgical
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+139.3% since the saleEstimated exit price $547.62, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019$182.54 in today's shares after a 3-for-1 splitCurrent price $436.87, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full AAPL Apple
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $15,001 - $50,000
      Since the trade+681.5% since the saleEstimated exit price $173.16, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019$43.29 in today's shares after a 4-for-1 splitCurrent price $338.32, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full DHR Danaher
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    • sold in full ADI Analog Devices
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+286.0% since the saleEstimated exit price $106.96, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019Current price $412.85, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full XLNX Xilinx Joint
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends Feb 11, 2022
    • sold in full FDX FedEx
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    • sold in full IQV IQVIA Holdings Joint
      Traded Feb 28, 2019 · disclosed 18 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+84.5% since the saleEstimated exit price $140.10, close on Thu Feb 28, 2019Current price $258.44, close on Mon Nov 2

    Back to the top of this report

  2. Filed Mar 1, 201916 matching trades
    • sold in full QCOM QUALCOMM Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+226.2% since the saleEstimated exit price $49.69, close on Mon Feb 4, 2019Current price $162.08, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full ITW Illinois Tool Works Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+109.6% since the saleEstimated exit price $138.41, close on Mon Feb 4, 2019Current price $290.05, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part SYK Stryker Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+73.2% since the saleEstimated exit price $177.14, close on Mon Feb 4, 2019Current price $306.81, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full HON Honeywell International Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    • sold in full COST Costco Wholesale Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+392.7% since the saleEstimated exit price $211.18, close on Mon Feb 4, 2019Current price $1,040.55, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part FDX FedEx Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    Show the other 10 trades in this reportShow fewer
    • sold in full ISRG Intuitive Surgical Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+150.9% since the saleEstimated exit price $522.42, close on Mon Feb 4, 2019$174.14 in today's shares after a 3-for-1 splitCurrent price $436.87, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full AMGN Amgen Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+150.0% since the saleEstimated exit price $186.18, close on Mon Feb 4, 2019Current price $465.45, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full CVS CVS Health Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+34.3% since the saleEstimated exit price $65.91, close on Mon Feb 4, 2019Current price $88.51, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part IQV IQVIA Holdings Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+100.3% since the saleEstimated exit price $129.02, close on Mon Feb 4, 2019Current price $258.44, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full DHR Danaher Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    • sold in full CSCO Cisco Systems Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+114.6% since the saleEstimated exit price $47.35, close on Mon Feb 4, 2019Current price $101.61, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full VRTX Vertex Pharmaceuticals Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+194.3% since the saleEstimated exit price $187.98, close on Mon Feb 4, 2019Current price $553.15, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part AAPL Apple Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+690.3% since the saleEstimated exit price $171.24, close on Mon Feb 4, 2019$42.81 in today's shares after a 4-for-1 splitCurrent price $338.32, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full INTC Intel Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+21.8% since the saleEstimated exit price $49.22, close on Mon Feb 4, 2019Current price $59.97, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part XLNX Xilinx Joint
      Traded Feb 4, 2019 · disclosed 25 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends Feb 11, 2022

    Back to the top of this report

  3. Filed Dec 12, 2018one matching trade
    • sold in full AGN Allergan
      Traded Nov 28, 2018 · disclosed 14 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends May 8, 2020
  4. Filed Aug 1, 2018one matching trade
    • sold in full UNFI United Natural Foods
      Traded Jul 27, 2018 · disclosed 5 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+44.0% since the saleEstimated exit price $32.51, close on Fri Jul 27, 2018Current price $46.80, close on Mon Nov 2
  5. Filed Jul 18, 2018one matching trade
    • sold in part DHR Danaher Joint
      Traded Jul 5, 2018 · disclosed 13 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
  6. Filed Mar 12, 201823 matching trades
    • sold in part XSD SPDR S&P Semiconductor ETF FundJoint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    • sold in part XLNX Xilinx Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends Feb 11, 2022
    • sold in part XBI SPDR S&P Biotech ETF FundJoint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    • sold in part VWO Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF FundJoint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    • sold in part VRTX Vertex Pharmaceuticals Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+213.8% since the saleEstimated exit price $176.26, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018Current price $553.15, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part TMO Thermo Fisher Scientific Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+213.3% since the saleEstimated exit price $217.89, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018Current price $682.65, close on Mon Nov 2
    Show the other 17 trades in this reportShow fewer
    • sold in part ITW Illinois Tool Works Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+70.3% since the saleEstimated exit price $170.30, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018Current price $290.05, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part ISRG Intuitive Surgical Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+197.6% since the saleEstimated exit price $440.46, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018$146.82 in today's shares after a 3-for-1 splitCurrent price $436.87, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part IQV IQVIA Holdings Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+144.7% since the saleEstimated exit price $105.60, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018Current price $258.44, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part INTC Intel Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+14.9% since the saleEstimated exit price $52.19, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018Current price $59.97, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part HON Honeywell International Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    • sold in part AAPL Apple Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+651.8% since the saleEstimated exit price $180.00, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018$45.00 in today's shares after a 4-for-1 splitCurrent price $338.32, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part AMGN Amgen Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+143.6% since the saleEstimated exit price $191.10, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018Current price $465.45, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part COST Costco Wholesale Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+451.8% since the saleEstimated exit price $188.58, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018Current price $1,040.55, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part CSCO Cisco Systems Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+124.0% since the saleEstimated exit price $45.37, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018Current price $101.61, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part CVS CVS Health Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+27.8% since the saleEstimated exit price $69.27, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018Current price $88.51, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part DHR Danaher Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    • sold in part IYT Ishares Transportation Average ETF FundJoint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    • sold in part QCOM QUALCOMM Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+157.1% since the saleEstimated exit price $63.03, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018Current price $162.08, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part RYT Guggenheim S&P 500 Eq Wt Technology ETF FundJoint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends Jul 10, 2025
    • sold in part SYK Stryker Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+84.4% since the saleEstimated exit price $166.41, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018Current price $306.81, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part FDX FedEx Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    • sold in part ADI Analog Devices Joint
      Traded Mar 9, 2018 · disclosed 3 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+335.8% since the saleEstimated exit price $94.73, close on Fri Mar 9, 2018Current price $412.85, close on Mon Nov 2

    Back to the top of this report

  7. Filed Jan 29, 2018one matching trade
    • sold in part LSCC Lattice Semiconductor
      Traded Jan 16, 2018 · disclosed 13 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+1434.4% since the saleEstimated exit price $6.22, close on Tue Jan 16, 2018Current price $95.44, close on Mon Nov 2
  8. Filed Jan 16, 20185 matching trades
    • sold in part LSCC Lattice Semiconductor
      Traded Jan 12, 2018 · disclosed 4 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+1441.8% since the saleEstimated exit price $6.19, close on Fri Jan 12, 2018Current price $95.44, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full PEP PepsiCo Joint
      Traded Jan 11, 2018 · disclosed 5 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+20.1% since the saleEstimated exit price $116.88, close on Thu Jan 11, 2018Current price $140.42, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full HACK Etfmg Prime Cyber Security ETF FundJoint
      Traded Jan 11, 2018 · disclosed 5 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    • sold in full CELG Celgene Joint
      Traded Jan 11, 2018 · disclosed 5 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends Nov 20, 2019
    • sold in full UNFI United Natural Foods Joint
      Traded Jan 11, 2018 · disclosed 5 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+0.1% since the saleEstimated exit price $46.74, close on Thu Jan 11, 2018Current price $46.80, close on Mon Nov 2
  9. Filed Oct 24, 20172 matching trades
    • sold in full LSCC Lattice Semiconductor Joint
      Traded Oct 23, 2017 · disclosed 1 day later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+1534.2% since the saleEstimated exit price $5.84, close on Mon Oct 23, 2017Current price $95.44, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full AGN Allergan Joint
      Traded Oct 23, 2017 · disclosed 1 day later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends May 8, 2020
  10. Filed Aug 28, 2017one matching trade
    • sold in full WFM Whole Foods Market
      Traded Aug 17, 2017 · disclosed 11 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends Aug 25, 2017
  11. Filed Jun 20, 2017one matching trade
    • sold in part WFM Whole Foods Market
      Traded Jun 19, 2017 · disclosed 1 day later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends Aug 25, 2017
  12. Filed May 10, 2017one matching trade
    • sold in full NXPI NXP Semiconductors
      Traded May 5, 2017 · disclosed 5 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+141.4% since the saleEstimated exit price $106.58, close on Fri May 5, 2017Current price $257.24, close on Mon Nov 2
  13. Filed Apr 5, 20172 matching trades
    • sold in full WETF Wisdomtree Investments FundJoint
      Traded Apr 4, 2017 · disclosed 1 day later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aNow trading as WT
    • sold in full AGU Agrium Joint
      Traded Apr 4, 2017 · disclosed 1 day later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends earlier
  14. Filed Mar 16, 2017one matching trade
    • sold in full ESRX Express Scripts Holding Joint
      Traded Mar 15, 2017 · disclosed 1 day later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends Dec 20, 2018
  15. Filed Mar 7, 2017one matching trade
    • sold in full ESRX Express Scripts Holding
      Traded Mar 6, 2017 · disclosed 1 day later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends Dec 20, 2018
  16. Filed Feb 21, 20172 matching trades
    • sold in part PEP PepsiCo Joint
      Traded Jan 31, 2017 · disclosed 21 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+35.3% since the saleEstimated exit price $103.78, close on Tue Jan 31, 2017Current price $140.42, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full EMR Emerson Electric Joint
      Traded Jan 30, 2017 · disclosed 22 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+180.6% since the saleEstimated exit price $59.14, close on Mon Jan 30, 2017Current price $165.96, close on Mon Nov 2
  17. Filed Feb 1, 20172 matching trades
    • sold in part NXPI NXP Semiconductors
      Traded Jan 18, 2017 · disclosed 14 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+162.5% since the saleEstimated exit price $98.01, close on Wed Jan 18, 2017Current price $257.24, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in part QCOM QUALCOMM Joint
      Traded Jan 18, 2017 · disclosed 14 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+148.9% since the saleEstimated exit price $65.13, close on Wed Jan 18, 2017Current price $162.08, close on Mon Nov 2
  18. Filed Jan 4, 2017one matching trade
    • sold in full ZBH Zimmer Biomet Holdings Joint
      Traded Dec 16, 2016 · disclosed 19 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
  19. Filed Dec 15, 20164 matching trades
    • sold in full IAI Ishares US Broker-Dealers & Secs Exchs FundJoint
      Traded Dec 14, 2016 · disclosed 1 day later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
    • sold in full DVMT Dell Technologies
      Traded Dec 14, 2016 · disclosed 1 day later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends earlier
    • sold in full AMG Affiliated Managers Group Joint
      Traded Dec 14, 2016 · disclosed 1 day later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the trade+139.2% since the saleEstimated exit price $154.82, close on Wed Dec 14, 2016Current price $370.39, close on Mon Nov 2
    • sold in full WETF Wisdomtree Investments Fund
      Traded Dec 14, 2016 · disclosed 1 day later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aNow trading as WT
  20. Filed Nov 28, 20162 matching trades
    • sold in full FEYE Mandiant
      Traded Nov 23, 2016 · disclosed 5 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/aPrice history ends Oct 4, 2021
    • sold in full EEM Ishares MSCI Emerging Markets FundJoint
      Traded Nov 23, 2016 · disclosed 5 days later
      $1,001 - $15,000
      Since the traden/a
Show the next 20 reportsShowing reports 1 to 20 of 36 (89 trades)

How to read the cards

  • One card: one report a member filed with the House Clerk or the Secretary of the Senate, newest filing first, its trades in date order. A trade the report lists twice, on the same day in the same range for two accounts, shows once here.
  • Size: the dollar range on the report, never an exact figure. A value that is not one of the STOCK Act's ranges prints as listed, and "Not captured" means the range is missing from our data.
  • Traded and disclosed: the trade date, then the days until the member disclosed it. The STOCK Act allows 45 days. The date filter counts from the filing date, not the trade date.
  • Since the trade: each priced line shows the estimated entry or exit price and the current price it is worked out from. Estimated prices are the stock's closing price on the trade date. A disclosure gives a value band, not the price paid. An option line reads n/a, because an option's premium is never disclosed; so does any other line that is not a stock, and a stock line whose closing prices we do not hold or whose prices failed our checks. Not investment advice.
  • Filed late: only on reports we checked against the House Clerk's copy, listed on the late filings page. A checked card links the original.
  • Long reports: 20 reports to a page. A report longer than 60 trades is shortened here, and so are the reports after a page passes 250 trades; the member's own page has every trade.